
Sunday, 21 June 2026
Laugh your way to good health

Thursday, 19 March 2026
Largest ever Parkinson’s study shows how symptoms differ between men and women
Lyndsey Collins-Praino, Adelaide University
Parkinson’s disease is the fastest growing neurological disorder, with over 10 million cases worldwide. Up to 150,000 Australians currently live with the disease and 50 new cases are diagnosed each day.
The number of people living with Parkison’s is projected to more than triple between 2020 and 2050.
Yet despite the immense impact on those living with Parkinson’s and their loved ones, and the staggering cost to our economy – at least A$10 billion a year – there is still a lot we don’t know about how this disease presents and progresses.
A recent large-scale study of nearly 11,000 Australians living with Parkinson’s disease provides some critical insights into symptoms, risk factors and how these affect men and women differently. Let’s take a look.
First, what is Parkinson’s disease?
Parkinson’s is a progressive disease in which cells that produce the chemical messenger dopamine in a part of the brain called the “substantia nigra” begin to die. This is accompanied by multiple other brain changes.
It is usually considered a movement disorder. Common motor symptoms include a resting tremor, slowed movement (bradykinesia), muscle stiffness and balance issues.
But Parkinson’s also involves a variety of lesser known non-motor symptoms. These may include:
- mood changes
- difficulties with memory and cognition (including slower thinking, challenges with planning or multitasking and difficulty paying attention or concentrating)
- sleep disturbances
- autonomic dysfunction (such as constipation, low blood pressure and urinary problems).
While these are sometimes referred to as the “invisible” symptoms of Parkinson’s, they often have a greater negative impact on quality of life than motor symptoms.
So, what does the new research tell us?
The study used data collected as part of the Australian Parkinson’s Genetics Study led by the QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute. After a pilot study in 2020, it was launched as an ongoing, nationwide research project in 2022.
Some 10,929 Australians with Parkinson’s were surveyed and provided saliva samples for genetic analysis. This is the largest Parkinson’s cohort studied in Australia and the largest active cohort worldwide.
There were several key initial findings.
1. Non-motor symptoms are common
The study reinforced how common non-motor symptoms are, with loss of smell (52%), changes in memory (65%), pain (66%) and dizziness (66%) all commonly reported.
Notably, 96% of participants experienced sleep disturbances, such as insomnia and daytime sleepiness.
2. A better picture of risk factors
The study also provided insights into what can influence Parkinson’s risk.
This is important because we don’t completely understand what causes the dopamine producing cells in the substantia nigra to die in the first place.
Age is the primary risk factor for Parkinson’s. The new study found the average age for symptom onset was 64, and for diagnosis, 68.
3. Genes and environment both play a role
In the recent study, one in four people (25%) had a family history of Parkinson’s. But only 10–15% of Parkinson’s cases are caused by – or strongly linked to – mutations in specific genes.
It’s important to remember that families don’t only share genes but often their environment.
Multiple environmental factors, such as pesticide exposure and traumatic brain injury, also increase risk of Parkinson’s.
The majority (85–90%) of cases of Parkinson’s are likely due to complex interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors, and advancing age.
The study showed environmental exposures linked to Parkinson’s risk were common:
- 36% of people reported pesticide exposure
- 16% had a prior history of traumatic brain injury
- 33% had worked in high-risk occupations (such as agriculture, or petrochemicals or metal processing).
These exposures were significantly higher in men than in women.
4. Differences between the sexes
The disease is 1.5 times more common in men. In the new study, 63% of those surveyed were male.
Parkinson’s also presents and progresses differently in males and females.
The study found women were younger than men at time of symptom onset (63.7 versus 64.4 years) and diagnosis (67.6 versus 68.1 years), and more likely than men to experience pain (70% versus 63%) and falls (45% versus 41%).
Men experienced more memory changes than women (67% versus 61%) and impulsive behaviours, particularly sexual behaviour (56% versus 19%) – although most participants exhibited no or only mild impulsivity.
What we still don’t know
The large-scale study and its comprehensive survey shed valuable light on people living with Parkinson’s in Australia.
But it’s still only a sliver of the population. More than 186,000 people with Parkinson’s were invited to participate and just under 11,000 took part – a less than 6% response rate.
Of these participants, 93% had European ancestry. So this sample may not be fully representative of Parkinson’s disease.
The information we have about symptoms also relied on self-reports by the study’s participants, which are subjective and can be biased or less reliable than objective measurements of function. To address this, the researchers are planning to use smartphones and wearable devices to collect more comprehensive data.
Finally, while this provides a snapshot of the current cohort, it’s not clear how participants compare to people of a similar age without Parkinson’s, or how their symptoms may change over time.
These are important areas of future research for this ongoing study.
What all this means
Studies like this provide crucial insights into risk factors linked to Parkinson’s. They also help us better understand the symptoms people experience.
This is important because the way Parkinson’s presents varies from person to person. Not everyone will experience the same symptoms to the same extent.
Similarly, the way the disease progresses over time differs between people.
A better understanding of the factors that influence this can lead to earlier identification of who’s at risk and more personalised ways of managing this disease.![]()
Lyndsey Collins-Praino, Associate Professor, School of Biomedicine, Adelaide University
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
Friday, 4 July 2025
Golden Wheat Anniversary: Farmer Uses Crop Field to Create One-Mile Message for Wife of 20 Years

Thursday, 29 May 2025
Dad Turns 1970s Private Jet into Airbnb Rental Complete with Original Cockpit–Take a PEEK Inside
credit Tamir Ali via SWNS


Thursday, 30 January 2025
Japanese man ends 6,000km Africa rickshaw trek in Cape Town


Friday, 12 July 2024
Man Injured in Work Accident Gets 3D-Printed Fingers – A Glove That Gives His Life Back



Friday, 14 October 2022
Australian women are more educated than men, but gender divides remain at work

Saturday, 12 December 2020
After 3 years of marriage, wife helps husband to marry girlfriend

- After 3 years of marriage, a woman divorced her husband and helped him get married to his girlfriend. The incident took place in Bhopal, a city in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
- According to a report by news agency ANI, the man in question wanted to be married to both women at once. However, his wife took the call of stepping out of the love triangle, so he could go ahead and marry his girlfriend. “He wanted to be in a marital relationship with both which isn’t legally possible. But the wife is very mature, she divorced him and helped him marry his girlfriend,” the lawyer handling the case was quoted saying. Source: https://www.daily-bangladesh.com
Wednesday, 19 October 2016
The man who came back from the dead after getting lost in the Arctic
Monday, 28 April 2014
Soon, first ever contraceptive pill for men
Scientists claim to have discovered a compound which could pave way for the first ever birth control pill for men, without affecting their sex drive. Taken daily or weekly, the pill would allow couples to share the burden of family planning. The study shows that the small molecule makes male mice reversibly infertile without putting a damper on their sex drive. "Our findings demonstrate that, when given to rodents, this compound produces a rapid and reversible decrease in sperm count and mobility with profound effects on fertility," said Dana-Farbe's James Bradner, the study senior author. Importantly, the results of early experiments suggest the effects would be temporary, with fertility quickly rebounding on stopping taking the pill. "This compound produces a rapid and reversible decrease in sperm count and motility with profound effects on fertility," said Bradner. "A male birth control pill hasn't been easy to come by in large part because of the challenge of getting any drug across the blood-testis barrier, where it can reach the sperm generating cells," scientists said. The lack of contraceptive alternatives for men is partially responsible for the high rate of unplanned pregnancies, they said. The new drug, which is known only as JQ1, disrupts a crucial stage of sperm development. It is hormone-free, and in tests on mice, it did not produce any side-effects. When mice are given the BRDT-inhibiting molecule, they begin producing fewer sperm and those sperm they do produce don't swim as well. Sperm production plummeted and what sperm were made were bad swimmers, the journal Cell reported. The animals were still interested in sex but, when the dose of the drug was right, were unable to sire any pups. However, when they were taken off the drug, their fertility quickly returned and they became father to normal-sized, healthy, litters. Also in JQ1's favour is the fact it could be given in pill-form. Most male contraceptives in development are jabs or patches. "There has not been a new reversible contraceptive for men since the development of the condom, centuries ago," said William Bremner from the University of Washington. Source: Indian Express
Thursday, 12 December 2013
WINNER: Chinese man downloads 25th bn app
Friday, 22 February 2013
Bodycare launches Proteens collection for men and women
Sunday, 17 February 2013
Gossiping adds to male friendship - study
Monday, 4 February 2013
'I'm sorry.' Cycling career was one big lie admits Armstrong
Sunday, 3 February 2013
Men dress as women to fulfill vows in Kerala temple
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Saturday, 2 February 2013
Italian man with two hearts suffers a double heart attack - and lives
Sunday, 13 January 2013
Man threatening Pooja Bhatt arrested
Saturday morning. "Police confirms that man who abused/threatened me is all of 25 years old and works for Vodafone. Can't wait to look into his eyes and say hello," she further posted. Pooja had filed an official complaint Wednesday at the Bandra police station here against the caller, who was calling her incessantly in the wee hours, and threatened her. Source" News-Bullet
Big B says women are no less than men
blog, “Her status as a woman was never compromised, and given an opportunity, she has proved to an entire nation, which hangs its head in shame for the GangRape victim, that women are strong and no less than men.” Housewife Sunmeet Kaur Sawhney has become the first female contestant to have won Rs 5 cr on KBC. Sunmeet gavetuitions to young children to add to the family’s income. Source: Bollywood3
Friday, 4 January 2013
Wednesday, 2 January 2013
Prince Harry blasted as 'drunk jackal' by Afghan warlord
A MUJAHIDEEN warlord who twice served as Prime Minister of Afghanistan has blasted Britain for sending a "drunk" Prince Harry into battle, claiming the royal will face "certain death" for his involvement in the conflict. Gulbuddin Hekmatyar also severely criticised Britain's role in Afghanistan, claiming it was just to please its American allies. "I do not understand how the British public accept their children being sent to certain death in order to please American generals." Britain had gained nothing by allowing itself to be dragged into the "unjustified, useless but cruel conflict" in Afghanistan, said Hekmatyar. In a rare interview in which he responded to written questions from Peter Oborne of the Daily Telegraph with a video response, Hekmatyar criticised Britain's decision to send Prince Harry to Helmand. The prince has been serving a four-month tour of duty, which has kept him on the frontline over Christmas, as an Apache helicopter co-pilot with 622 Sqn, 3 Regiment Army Air Corps. Hekmatyar, speaking from an undisclosed location, said: "The British Prince comes to Afghanistan to kill innocent Afghans while he is drunk. He wants to hunt down Mujaheddin with his helicopter rockets without any shame. But he does not understand this simple fact that the hunting of Afghan lions and eagles is not that easy. Jackals cannot hunt lions." Britain is too attached to its military past, said Hekmatyar, adding that it expected "their prince to go out in uniform to hunt for human beings and play the satanic role that they used to play in the past". There was one positive response from Hekmatyar. Unlike the Taliban, with whom he may or may not have links, he believes in the education of young women - as long as it's not at co-ed schools. Source: The Week UK


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